Urban Rail Transit in IndiaUrban Rail Transit in India Urban rail transit in India consists of suburban rail, rapid transit, monorail, light rail, and tram systems Suburban Rail Suburban rail plays a major role in the public transport system of many major Indian cities. Suburban rail is a rail service between a central business district and the suburbs, a conurbation or other locations that draw large numbers of people on a daily basis. The trains are called suburban trains. These trains are also referred to as "local trains" or "locals". The suburban rail systems in Hyderabad, Pune, Barabanki-Lucknow, Lucknow-Kanpur and Bengaluru do not have dedicated suburban tracks but share tracks with long distance trains. The suburban rail system of Chennai and Mumbai have both dedicated tracks and tracks shared with long distance trains. The first suburban rail system in India is Mumbai Suburban Railway which started operations in 1853. The Kolkata Suburban Railway has the largest network in the entire country. Suburban trains that handle commuter traffic are all electric multiple units (EMUs). They usually have nine or twelve coaches, sometimes even fifteen to handle rush hour traffic. One unit of an EMU train consists of one power car and two general coaches. Thus a nine coach EMU is made up of three units having one power car at each end and one at the middle. The rakes in the suburban rails run on 25kV AC. Ridership on India's suburban railways has risen from 1.2 million in 1970–71 to 4.4 million in 2012–13. The suburban railways of Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai account for about 7.1% of the Indian Railways 20819.3 million train kilometres but contribute 53.2% of all railway passengers. In some cities of India, the opening of rapid transit systems have led to a decline in the use of the suburban rail system. System City State Mumbai Suburban Railway Mumbai Maharashtra Kolkata Suburban Railway Kolkata West Bengal Lucknow-Kanpur Suburban Railway Lucknow Kanpur Uttar Pradesh Chennai Suburban Railway Chennai Tamil Nadu Delhi Suburban Railway Delhi Delhi Pune Suburban Railway Pune Maharashtra Hyderabad Multi-Modal Hyderabad Telangana Transport System Barabanki-Lucknow Suburban Railway Barabanki Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Pernem-Karwar Suburban Railway Goa Karwar Goa, Karnataka Bengaluru Commuter Rail Bengaluru Karnataka Ahmedabad Suburban Railway Ahmedabad Gujarat Coimbatore Suburban Railway Coimbatore Tamilnadu Urban Rail Transit in India as Rapid Transit There are currently 10 operational rapid transit (also called "metro") systems in 9 cities in India. As of September 2016, India has 324 km of operational metro lines. A further 520 km of lines are under construction. Metro rail lines in India are composed of mainly standard gauge. Projects like the Kolkata Metro and Delhi Metro used broad gauge for their earliest lines but all new projects in India are on standard gauge as rolling stock imported is of standard gauge. The first rapid transit system in India is Kolkata Metro, which started operations in 1984. The Delhi Metro has the largest network in the entire country. And the last metro opened in Lucknow Metro on 5th September 2017. In 2006, the National Urban Transport Policy proposed the construction of a metro rail system in every city with a population of 20 lakh (2 million). On 11 August 2014, Union Government announced that it would provide financial assistance, for the implementation of a metro rail system, to all Indian cities having a population of more than 1 million. In May 2015, Union Government approved the Union Urban Development Ministry's proposal to implement metro rail systems in 50 cities. The majority of the planned projects will be implemented through special purpose vehicles, which will be established as 50:50 joint ventures between the Union and respective State Government. The Union Government will invest an estimated ₹5 lakh crore (US$78 billion). In new draft policy unveiled in March 2017, the Central Government stated that it wanted State Governments to consider metro rail as the "last option" and implement it only after considering all other possible mass rapid transit systems. The decision was taken due to the high cost of constructing metro rail systems. In August 2017, the Union Government announced that it would not provide financial assistance to new Metro rail project, unless some sort of private partnership is involved. System City State Kolkata Metro Kolkata West Bengal First mass rapid transit /metro rail system in India and the 17th zone of the Indian Railways.Its First in India to have the Third rail for power supply and the first to use fully Made in India metro coaches by ICF & BEML, First metro in India to run under-water through tunnel line below Hooghly river. Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System Chennai Tamil Nadu First Indian Railway system to had ballast less tracks. The MRTS to be taken over by the Chennai Metro Rail Limited by 2021. Delhi Metro Delhi NCR Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pardesh India's first modern rapid transit/Metro system. Namma Metro Bengaluru Karnataka First metro in southern India and also first to have the third rail for power supply in south India & to introduce Wi-Fi onboard trains. Rapid MetroRail Gurgaon Gurgaon India's first fully privately financed metro, and the first metro system in the country to auction naming rights for its stations. Mumbai Metro Mumbai Maharashtra India's first Public Private Partnership (PPP) metro system with Reliance group. Jaipur Metro Jaipur Rajasthan Double-story elevated road and Metro track project for the first time in the country. Chennai Metro Chennai Tamil Nadu First metro rail in the country to connect two lines {blue & green} through loop line to run direct service from the airport to central even though had interchange station at alandur. First metro in India for underground stations with sliding doors.First Metro service in India to use ALSTOM coaches. Kochi Metro Kochi Kerala First Indian metro to go live with CBTC signalling. First metro to had QR code based ticket instead of tokens. First metro to had fully made in India Alstom coaches. The first metro in India to have theme based stations. Lucknow Metro Lucknow Uttar Pradesh The fastest built and commissioned metro system in the world. Opened to the public on 5th September 2017. Hyderabad Metro Hyderabad Telangana India's first metro to have CBTC and integrated telecommunications and supervision systems, i.e. driver less metro. It is a Public-Private Partnership with L&T. Noida Metro Noida Uttar Pradesh Ghaziabad Metro Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh, NCR Navi Mumbai Metro Navi Mumbai Maharashtra Nagpur Metro Nagpur Maharashtra Fastest metro in india to reach at trail stage, Trail run conducted on 30 September 2017 Metro-Link Express for Gandhinagar Ahmedabad & Gujarat and Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Construction began on 15 March 2015. Varanasi Metro Varanasi Uttar Pradesh DPR approved by Union Cabinet. Kanpur Metro Kanpur Uttar Pradesh The first phase is expected to be completed by 2019. Construction began on 4 October 2016. Pune Metro Pune Maharashtra Construction began in May 2017. Vijayawada Metro Vijayawada Andhra Pradesh Patna Metro Patna Bihar DPR approved by State Cabinet in February 2017. Construction is expected to begin by the end of 2017. Meerut Metro Meerut Uttar Pradesh DPR submitted to state government. Guwahati Metro Guwahati Assam DPR approved by State Cabinet. Chandigarh Metro Chandigarh Tricity Punjab DPR already prepared and submitted. Bhopal Metro Bhopal Madhya Pradesh DPR approved by State Cabinet. Kozhikode Light Metro Kozhikode Kerala DPR approved and submitted by DMRC on October 2014, awaiting cabinet approval. Indore Metro Indore Madhya Pradesh DPR approved by State Cabinet. Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram Kerala Light Metro DPR approved and submitted by DMRC; awaiting cabinet approval. Agra Metro Agra Uttar Pradesh DPR submitted to state government. Coimbatore Metro Coimbatore Tamil nadu DPR being prepared. Construction to begin in next financial year. Visakhapatnam Metro Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh Construction of Phase-1 to be completed by December 2018. DPR prepared and to be submitted. Dehradun Metro Dehradun-Rishikesh Uttarakand -Haridwar DPR being prepared. Surat Metro Surat Gujarat DPR being prepared. Srinagar Metro Srinagar Jammu & Kashmir DPR being prepared. Greater Gwalior Metro Gwalior Madhya Pradesh DPR being prepared. Jabalpur Metro Jabalpur Madhya Pradesh DPR being prepared. Greater Nashik Metro Nasik Maharashtra Proposed Metro line which will connect Igatpuri, Deolali, Nashik Road, Nasik Central and Ozar Airport. Western Railway Mumbai Maharashtra Elevated Corridor Rejected because of infeasibility. Urban Rail Transit in India by Monorail The Mumbai Monorail, which opened on 2 February 2014 is the first operational monorail system used for rapid transit in independent India. Many other Indian cities have monorail projects, as a feeder system to the metro, in different phases of planning. White background In service System City State Mumbai Monorail Mumbai Maharashtra Chennai Monorail Chennai Tamil Nadu Centre approved Chennai monorail project, to be implemented under DBFOT model. Kolkata Monorail Kolkata Allahabad Monorail Allahabad Bengaluru Monorail Bengaluru Delhi Monorail Delhi Indore Monorail Indore Kanpur Monorail Kanpur Navi Mumbai Monorail Navi Mumbai Patna Monorail Patna Pune Monorail Pune Ahmedabad Monorail Ahmedabad Aizawl Monorail Aizawl Bhubaneswar Monorail Bhubaneswar Jodhpur Monorail Jodhpur Kota Monorail Kota Nagpur Monorail Nagpur DPR is being prepared. Nashik Monorail Nashik DPR is being prepared. Urban Rail Transit in India Light Rail Like monorail, light rail is also considered as a feeder system for the Metro systems. Two light rail projects have been proposed respectively in Delhi and Kolkata. There would be a total number of 68 stations of light rail in India. System City State Kolkata Light Rail Transit Kolkata West Bengal Would be first LRTS in India. Delhi Light Rail Transit Delhi Delhi Kozhikode Light Metro Kozhikode Kerala Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram Kerala Light Metro Urban Rail Transit in India Tram The British rule in India saw trams in addition to trains, being introduced in many cities. The Trams in Kolkata is currently the only tram system in the country and provides an emission-free means of transport in Kolkata while the other tram systems in India were phased out. The nationalised Calcutta Tramways Company is in the process of upgrading the existing tramway network at a cost of ₹240 million (US$3.7 million). Metro Coach Factories in India There are three metro rolling stock manufacturers in India. Bharat Earth Movers is the only Indian rolling stock manufacturer. The other manufacturers are the Indian subsidiaries of Canadian firm Bombardier and French company Alstom. Under the Union Government's Make in India program, 75% of the rolling stock procured for use on Indian metro systems are required to be manufactured in India. Bharat Earth Movers Bharat Earth Movers manufactures of Rolling Stock consortium with Hyundai Mitsubishi Rotem. Delhi Metro – 200 coaches Namma Metro – 150 coaches Jaipur Metro – 40 coaches Hyderabad Metro – 171 coaches Kolkata Metro – 84 coaches Bombardier Bombardier built a £26m factory in Savli, Gujarat after it won a contract to supply 614 cars to the Delhi Metro. Production at Savli began in June 2009. In June 2012, the plant won an order to supply semi-finished bogies to Australia. Alstom India In 2013, Alstom built a factory in Sri City, Andhra Pradesh after it won a €243 million contract to supply 168 cars to the Chennai Metro. The 156-acre plant will be used to supply trains to cities in India and abroad. Chennai Metro – 168 coaches Lucknow Metro – 80 coaches Kochi Metro – 75 coaches Other Coach Manufacturers India Chinese firm CRRC is planning to set up a manufacturing plant in Nagpur, Maharashtra Urban Rail Transit in India Legislation The subject of Railways is in the Union List of the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution, giving Parliament the exclusive power to enact legislation concerning it. According to former Minister of Urban Development Kamal Nath, "Since the Metro rail is a central subject, it has been decided that all such projects in the country, whether within one municipal area or beyond, shall be taken up under the Central Metro Acts." Construction of metros in India is governed by the centrally enacted The Metro Railways (Construction of Works) Act, 1978 which defines itself as an act to provide for the construction of works relating to metro railways in the metropolitan cities and for matters connected therewith. Operation and maintenance of metros are governed by The Delhi Metro Railway (Operation and Maintenance) Act, 2002. Both laws were amended in 2009 with the passing of The Metro Railways (Amendment) Act, 2009. The amendment expanded the coverage of both the acts to all metropolitan areas of India. Initially, state governments attempted to implement metro rail projects through various Tramways Act. However, the Commissioner of Railways Safety (CRS), who operates under the Ministry of Civil Aviation, is tasked with providing safety certification for metro rail projects. The CRS refused safety certification unless the projects were implemented under a Metro Act enacted by the state government and published in The Gazette of India. Research Design and Standards Organization (RDSO), another railway entity, also refused certification to projects not implemented under the criteria. Subsequently, several state governments have enacted their own Metro Acts.
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