Liège Trams

Liège Trams (tramway de Liège)

Trams in Liège

Trams in Liège, Belgium, date back to horsecars which were replaced by electric trams starting in 1893. Trams in Liège were abandoned by the end of 1967. However, trams will make a comeback in the form of the Liège tramway or in French: tramway de Liège in 2025.

The Liège tramway is a light-rail line under construction to connect the communities of Sclessin and Coronmeuse along the Meuse passing by Liège-Guillemins railway station and Place Saint-Lambert within the city. The line will also have a branch to Bressoux where the line's maintenance and storage center is located. As of May 2024, the line is expected to be put into service in January 2025. The line will be operated in a public–private partnership, whereby the private partner Tram'Ardent maintains the trams and infrastructure and the publicly owned TEC operates the trams.

Liège Trams History

Liège Trams Early Years

The first electric tram service in Liège, which was also the first in Belgium, opened to the public on 9 August 1893, connecting the northern Coronmeuse district with Herstal, to the east of the city. Only 200 metres (660 ft) of the line actually ran in the city centre. On 22 October 1896, the two principal horse-powered tramlines were converted to electric power, forming an electric tramline that crossed the city centre. In 1897, a line was added connecting Chênée (then considered a separate town) with the city centre, and Angleur received a tram connection in 1905. A fourth line was also installed that year for the World's Fair in Liège.

An aspect of tram operations in Liège was the large number of competing operators. By the start of the 20th century, there had been some consolidation of the businesses involved, but in 1905, there were still six different organisations operating trams in the city, some in public ownership and some privately owned. In addition to the electric trams, the lines were also used by steam trams at this time. It was only in 1927 that the Liège tram network was "unified".

Liège Trams Decline and Closure

The tram collection at the Liège Public Transport Museum contains numerous tramcars that predate the Second World War and some that predate the First World War, which were decommissioned only in the mid 1960s. Evidence is sparse of any trams having been added to the city's fleet after the 1930s, although most of the tramcars were subject to at least one major overhaul or rebuild exercise during their service. In view of the challenging topography (at least by Belgian standards) of Liège, and the visible absence of investment, the last tram services were withdrawn in November 1967.

Liège Trams Metro Aborted

Major investment in a Liège underground Metro system was envisaged and construction eventually began towards the end of the 1970s. A tunnel was started, but the Metro never saw the light of day. The tunnel section that was completed enjoys enduring notoriety as one of Belgium's white elephants. It is used for storage.

Liège Trams Return

In 2008, regional political leaders generally agreed on reintroducing trams to Liège in order to address the city's traffic saturation issues, particularly in its low lying central parts by the river Meuse. Extensive investigation and public consultation followed, before the first line's route was fixed in October 2011. The regional government of Wallonia gave the final go-ahead at the end of 2011, although at that stage, it was stated that further discussion remained necessary on project funding. In the end, the decision was taken to proceed on the basis of a public–private partnership, inspired by agreements used for recent investments for the London Underground.

Liège Trams Revised Plan

The line was originally planned to be 19.1 km (11.9 mi) long, comprising a 17.8 km (11.1 mi) length from Seraing to Herstal and a further 1.3 km (0.81 mi) for a short branch connection to Bressoux. The plan was revised to build the line in stages initially only from Sclessin to Coronmeuse, serving 21 tram stops, covering approximately 11 km (6.8 mi). The projected cost of €315 million compares with an estimated cost of €484 million for building the entire line at once. The decision not to proceed at once with the full line drew criticism.

Liège Trams Third Eurostat Rejection

By August 2013, tenders for the construction had been received from three consortia. That was narrowed down to two on 3 April 2014, when the remaining contenders were invited to submit their final bids for 15 September 2014. The final decision was announced on 10 December 2014, in favour of the so-called "Mobiliège" consortium (ALSTOM – BAM PPP PGGM – DG Infra).

The signing of the DBFM (Design, Build, Finance, Maintain) contract was planned for the spring of 2015. After a preparatory studies phase, construction was to start in the autumn. However, in March 2015, Eurostat, the European body for the control of accounting standards, reviewed the financing dossier for the Liège tram, and in July 2015, for the second time and following changes to the file, issued a negative opinion.

On 16 January 2016, the City of Liège announced that it has received a negative opinion from Eurostat for the third time, and launched a citizen petition in favor of the tram.

Second Public Contract and Award to Tram'Ardent

A new call for tenders was published in March 2016, and by 5 October 2017, two bids had been received, from Alstom in France and Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (CAF) in Spain. On 10 February 2017, Eurostat approved the financial package. The final choice of the manufacturer should have been made in the first quarter of 2018. However, the transfer of the TEC group to a Walloon Transport Operator (OTW) entailed a further postponement. On 19 September 2018, Opérateur de transport de Wallonie (OTW – new name of the SRWT) awarded the contract to the Tram'Ardent consortium comprising CAF, which will supply the Urbos vehicles, Colas, which will build the infrastructure, and DIF, which will provide financing. As part of a Public-Private Partnership, Tram'Ardent will finance, design and build the tramway, and maintain its trams and infrastructure for 31 years. TEC, a brand name for the OTW, will operate the trams.

By 2019, construction of the line was underway, but would experience various setbacks and delays. In 2023, the region of Wallonia would pay Tram'Ardent €79 million to compensate it for expenses related to COVID-19, which delayed the project by 2 years and 3 months.

On October 9, 2023, the first run of a tram outside the depot took place. The tram made a test run from Bressoux to Coronmeuse, the line's northern terminus. The test run was mostly carried out a low speed, but at one point during the trip, the tram accelerated to 50 km/h in order to test its brakes. This was a first step in testing all 20 delivered trams.

Tramway de Liège Overview

Liège Trams Status: Under construction
Liège Trams Locale: Liège, Belgium
Liège Trams Termini:
Standard, Sclessin
Coronmeuse
Liège Trams Stations: 23
Liège Trams Service Type: Light rail
Liège Trams Operator(s): TEC
Liège Trams Depot(s): Centre de maintenance et remisage
Liège Trams Rolling Stock: CAF Urbos
Liège Trams Planned Opening: January 2025
Liège Trams Line Length: 11.7 km (7.3 mi)
Liège Trams Track Gauge: 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Liège Trams Operating Speed: 19–20 km/h